The Hundred Years War, which opposed France to England from 1337 to 1453, had its origins in several political, economic, and territorial tensions between the...
Magellan's expedition was meticulously prepared over several years. Ferdinand Magellan, a Portuguese navigator in the service of Spain, aimed to find a maritime route to...
The Black Death, a pandemic of the disease caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis, had a devastating demographic impact on Europe in the 14th century. Between 1347...
The Hundred Days refer to the period from Napoleon's return to France on March 20, 1815 to his defeat at Waterloo on June 18, 1815. After his...
The Treaty of Versailles imposed significant punitive clauses on Germany. Article 231, known as the "war guilt clause", attributed moral and material responsibility for World...
The War of the Roses gets its name from the symbols of the two rival families, the House of York and the House of Lancaster. Each of...
Under the reign of Louis XIV, the centralization of royal power in France reached its peak. Louis XIV consolidated the authority of the monarchy by...
The Black Death, or the bubonic plague, is caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis. This infectious disease is primarily spread by fleas on rats that...
The Eiffel Tower was first painted red during its construction to protect it from corrosion. This red paint called "red lead" contained lead, which had...
England was a favorable place for the start of the Industrial Revolution due to its abundant and varied possession of natural resources. First of all, the country...
